A No-Nonsense Guide To Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns

When you first start learning Spanish, building your vocabulary is the most pressing goal.

That's why I recommend you focus on speaking and listening to real, authentic Spanish from the very beginning. Part of your Spanish language journey, however, will include learning specific grammar rules.

In fact, if you've been reading and listening to as much Spanish as possible, you're probably using Spanish indirect object pronouns already!

There will come a point—and maybe you're there already—where you have specific questions about which pronoun to use when.

That's where this article comes in. In it, you will find…

• The difference between direct and indirect object pronouns
• The 6 indirect object pronouns in Spanish
• Which verbs take indirect objects
• Using indirect object pronouns
• How to order direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence

If you're confused by direct and indirect object pronouns in Spanish, you're not alone.

But don't worry. By the time you finish this article, you will be able to use Spanish indirect object pronouns right!

So let's get into it. By the way, if you prefer videos, you can also watch me explain Spanish indirect object pronouns here.

What's The Difference Between Spanish Direct And Indirect Object Pronouns?

If you've read my article on direct object pronouns, you'll remember that direct object pronouns are pronouns that replace the direct object that accompanies transitive verbs like llamar (to call), seguir (to follow), and encontrar (to find).

There's also a much more detailed explanation of pronouns and antecedents in that article if you need a refresher of how pronouns work.

Here's a brief reminder of how direct object pronouns work if you don't need the whole explanation again:

The direct object answers the questions “what?” and “whom?” after each transitive verb.

Here's an example:

• Llamé a mi hermano (I called my brother)
• Lo llamé (I called him)

Who did I call? Mi hermano (my brother).

In the second sentence, the pronoun lo replaces mi hermano as the object accompanying the verb llamar (to call).

Indirect object pronouns, on the other hand, answer the questions “to whom?” and “for whom?”

For example…

• Le compré un libro a mi hermano (I bought a book for my brother)
• Le compré un libro (I bought a book for him)

For whom did I buy a book? The answer to that question is the indirect object pronoun in this sentence. I bought the book for mi hermano, which is replaced by the indirect object pronoun le.

And that's the difference between direct and indirect object pronouns:

• Direct object pronouns receive the direct action of the verb. They tell you who or what is called, kicked, searched for, etc.
• Indirect object pronouns are indirectly affected by the verb. They tell you for whom something is bought, given, told, etc.

A List Of Indirect Pronouns In Spanish

There are only six indirect object pronouns for you to remember in Spanish:

• me (to/for me)
• te (to/for you)
• le (to for him/her, you (formal))
• nos (to/for us)
• os (to/for you (informal, plural)
• le (to/for them, you (plural/formal))

You may have noticed one more practical difference between direct and indirect object pronouns in the previous examples…

Third person indirect objects appear in the sentence even when you also use the indirect object pronoun (the le in our example):

• Le compré un libro a mi hermano (I bought a book for my brother)

That's because the third person indirect object pronouns are not gender specific.

As a result, the indirect object is often stated along with the pronoun to avoid confusion.

Sometimes even native Spanish speakers get a little confused with Spanish indirect object pronouns. Find out more in the video below about le vs les.

Which Spanish Verbs Take Indirect Objects?

Whether or not a verb takes an indirect object depends quite a bit on how the verb is used in the sentence. For example, here are two very similar sentences. In the first, decir does not take an indirect object. In the second, it does.

• Dije que no iría a la fiesta (I said I would not go to the party)
• Te dije que no iría a la fiesta (I told you that I would not go to the party)

Here is a list of verbs that often take indirect objects, when these actions are to or for someone:

• comprar(le) algo (to buy something)
• contar(le)/decir(le) algo (to tell or say something)
• dar(le) algo (to give something)
• mostrar(le) algo (to demonstrate or show something)
• pedir(le) algo (to ask something of someone)
• regalar(le) algo (to gift something)
• servir(le) algo (to serve something)
• traer(le) algo (to bring something)

There are a handful of verbs in Spanish, that always require an indirect object:

• encantarle (to love something)
• faltarle (to miss something)
• gustarle (to like something)
• tocarle (to be someone's turn)
• hacerle falta (to need something)
• importarle (to be interested in)

How To Use Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns

Do you know how to say, “They like to dance” in Spanish? If you do, you already know how to use indirect object pronouns.

Let's take a closer look at some examples:

• Les gusta bailar (They like to dance)
• Josué me regaló un libro de poesía (Joshua gave me a book of poetry)

In these examples, the indirect object pronoun is fairly straightforward. The pronoun comes before the conjugated verb and after the subject.

In the first sentence, the subject is unstated. You could also say, A ellos les gusta bailar. in which case, the subject would come before the indirect object pronoun. ¿De acuerdo?

The indirect object pronoun can also be attached to the end of an infinitive or progressive verb…

• Josué quiere regalarme un libro de poesía (Joshua wants to give me a book of poetry)
• Dame esas tijeras (Give me those scissors)
• El profesor está mostrándonos la solución (The professor is showing us the solution)

¡Ojo!: In that last example, notice the accent. Sometimes, when you attach one or more pronouns to the end of a verb, an accent is needed to maintain the natural pronunciation of the verb.

How To Order Direct And Indirect Spanish Pronouns

You can't have an indirect object without a direct object in the same sentence.

Here's an example…

• Andrés nos contó la historia de su viaje a Rumania (Andrés told us the story of his trip to Romania)

In this sentence, Andrés told something (the story of his trip to Romania) to someone (us).

• What he tells is the direct object.
• To whom he tells it is the indirect object.

In fact, we could replace both objects with pronouns and have the following…

• Andrés nos la contó (Andrés told it to us)

Whenever you have a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun always comes first.

You may remember from the article on direct object pronouns that they are not generally separated from the transitive verb they modify…even by something as small as an indirect object pronoun.

Other Word Order Changes And Examples

And what about when no or another negative term is part of the sentence? How does that change the pronoun order?

In general, the negative word comes immediately before the direct and indirect object pronouns…

• Andrés nunca nos la contó (Andrés never told it to us)

…except when the pronoun is attached to the end of the verb. In those situations, the negative term comes immediately before the verb or verb clause instead:

• Josué no quiere regalarme un libro de poesía (Joshua doesn't want to give me a book of poetry)

Let's look other examples of direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence:

• Su hermano va a comprarme el boleto. / Su hermano va a comprármelo (Her brother is going to buy me a ticket. / Her brother is going to buy it for me)
• No quiero hacerles la pregunta. / No quiero hacérsela. (I don't want to ask them the question. / I don't want to ask them it)

Notice that le/les becomes se when followed by an indirect object pronoun.

What about this sentence that appears to only have an indirect object:

• Eric nos escribe cada semana (Eric writes to us every week)

Remember, what he writes is the direct object while to whom he writes is the indirect object.

So what does Eric write? In this case, the direct object is unstated. Eric writes letters or emails every week, but he does write something.

And to whom does he write them? To us!

Using Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns With Confidence

Now that you know how to identify the indirect object in a sentence and how to properly use and order Spanish indirect object pronouns, you're ready to use these six little pronouns as often as you want.

In the end, the best way to master indirect object pronouns is to jump right in and start using them when you speak Spanish every day.

Mistakes will happen, but they will be less common than you think!

Don't let fear keep you from making the most of the Spanish language and using both direct and indirect object pronouns for convenience and fluency.

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